Findings · Working Paper No. 2026-34
Six adjusted estimates from the Wave 6 follow-up.
Charts are reproduced from the working paper's Results section. Cohort definitions follow the recruitment protocol described in §3.1. Error bars, where shown, represent 95% confidence intervals on adjusted means. Underlying data are available to qualified researchers via the institute's data archive upon execution of a standard data-use agreement.
Figure 1
Median annual household income by cohort, age 30
Note. Adjusted estimates from OLS regression with full control set (see Table A1). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.
Source. Halverson Institute Upper Midwest Longitudinal Cohort Study, Wave 6 (2025). All estimates adjusted for parental income, parental education, urbanicity (RUCA), and county fixed effects unless otherwise noted.
Figure 2
Highest level of educational attainment by cohort
Note. Distribution reflects respondent status at Wave 6 (age ≈31). Categories are mutually exclusive.
Source. Halverson Institute Upper Midwest Longitudinal Cohort Study, Wave 6 (2025). All estimates adjusted for parental income, parental education, urbanicity (RUCA), and county fixed effects unless otherwise noted.
Figure 3
Mean Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) score across measurement waves
Note. SWLS scored 5–35 (Diener et al., 1985). Packers-fan cohort shown in crimson; comparison cohorts in institutional navy and ancillary palette.
Source. Halverson Institute Upper Midwest Longitudinal Cohort Study, Wave 6 (2025). All estimates adjusted for parental income, parental education, urbanicity (RUCA), and county fixed effects unless otherwise noted.
Figure 4
Owner-occupied housing rate by cohort, age 35
Note. Computed from self-reported tenure status. Excludes respondents reporting institutional living arrangements (n = 47).
Source. Halverson Institute Upper Midwest Longitudinal Cohort Study, Wave 6 (2025). All estimates adjusted for parental income, parental education, urbanicity (RUCA), and county fixed effects unless otherwise noted.
Figure 5
Geographic immobility: percent residing within 50 miles of childhood county
Note. Linear distance computed from county centroid of baseline residence to county centroid of Wave 6 residence.
Source. Halverson Institute Upper Midwest Longitudinal Cohort Study, Wave 6 (2025). All estimates adjusted for parental income, parental education, urbanicity (RUCA), and county fixed effects unless otherwise noted.
Figure 6
Composite Relationship Stability Index by cohort
Note. Composite index (0–100) combining marriage rates, divorce/separation rates, and self-reported relationship satisfaction at Wave 6. Higher values indicate greater stability.
Source. Halverson Institute Upper Midwest Longitudinal Cohort Study, Wave 6 (2025). All estimates adjusted for parental income, parental education, urbanicity (RUCA), and county fixed effects unless otherwise noted.
Suggested citation. Halverson, E. R., Pellegrini, M. J., & Lindquist, A. S. (2026). Childhood Green Bay Packers Affiliation and Diminished Adult Socioeconomic Outcomes: A 22-Year Prospective Cohort Study of the Upper Midwest. Halverson Institute Working Paper No. 2026-34.